use a cassette that mounts the cogs on an armature like the dura-ace or sram red. The aluminum body will spread out the load of the larger cogs across the whole armature, the smaller cogs don't get enough force to need to be put on the armature (except in the Sram Red's case I think).
Cassettes with individual cogs like 105 level and some older ultegra ones will dig in because each cog can move independently of the others under load. Surface area is your friend here.