About five years ago, Trek did send out two tech bulletins on incompatible stems for carbon steerers after some steerer failures during races. Can't find either bulletin on the web, but they are cited or summarized on many sites.
From a description of the second bulletin, quote:
"The issues with other stems has to do with placement of cutouts, size of lightness holes, and even angle of the clamp bolts. Proper stems should have no clamp cutaways like pictures on the FSA stem to the left, as according to Trek’s engineers, the cutaways can allow the separate parts of the stem to dig into the steerer.
Also, the lightening hole inside the steerer tube clamp must adhere to a sizing guideline. The hole must have at least 10 mm of stem material between the edge of the hole and either lip of the stem. A lightening hole that is too large can allow the edges to gouge the steerer tube as the bars are muscled around."
The issues with other stems has to do with placement of cutouts, size of lightness holes, and even angle of the clamp bolts. Proper stems should have no clamp cutaways like pictures on the FSA stem to the left, as according to Trek’s engineers, the cutaways can allow the separate parts of the stem to dig into the steerer."
Another issue according to Trek is edge treatment. Sharp edges around cutouts, holes and at the ends of the clamp could dig into the steerer carbon. The recommendation, of course, is "use only stems the Trek bike came with," which (for me, anyway) threw some doubt on all these dire warnings from Trek.
Source of quote above:
Broken Trek Carbon Steerer Tubes: Result of the Wrong Stems?